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Sample battle · revision
Training Camp · Mission Brief

Chemistry · Acids & Bases

Acids donate protons (H⁺); bases accept them. pH measures hydrogen-ion concentration on a 0–14 scale. Strong acids and bases dissociate fully in water; weak ones only partially.

Key terms

  • AcidA proton (H⁺) donor in the Brønsted-Lowry model.
  • BaseA proton (H⁺) acceptor.
  • pH−log₁₀[H⁺]; lower pH = more acidic.

Memory trick: A.A.D. — Acids Are Donors (of protons).

Common mistake: Strong acid ≠ concentrated acid. Strength = degree of dissociation; concentration = amount per litre.

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